Civil law in Poland

Civil law is a broad branch of law that includes norms regulating the behavior between private law entities. The principle of this type of norm is that these entities are equal. So it’s about things like inheritance inheritance, contracting between partners or transferring ownership. In principle, civil law regulates basic interpersonal relationships in a system.

Civil law in Poland is written in a monumental work – a civil code issued on April 23, 1964, but has been amended many times since that time. The text of this legal act is available on the Internet on the Polish government website. It is built from five parts: a general part, a part of property law (regarding trading in property), a part of contract law (establishing and keeping contracts), a part of inheritance law (inheritance or statutory inheritance) and part of family law (legal and property relationships within the family) . In the general part, concepts are defined and main thoughts are expressed, which are used in further four books. In this way, the correct reading of the code is possible only after understanding what is written at its beginning. In this task, a qualified lawyer may often be necessary to explain the deeper sense of a given civil law institution. The entire codex consists of more than nine hundred articles, so the key is also the ability to look in this huge collection of interesting recipe matching the existing situation.

Among the classically understood parts of civil law in Poland, trade law, labor law and intellectual property law have become particularly important, which are regulated by separate legal acts, also available on the government pages of the Republic of Poland. Of course, the Civil Code does not regulate relatively narrow and specific branches such as water law or energy law, which, however, often combine with certain civil-law aspects.

In the Polish system, civil disputes (that is, in which two equal entities oppose each other) are resolved by special departments of common courts with the possibility of appealing against a judgment. These cases most often concern property matters in which one entity (ie a natural person or a legal person) wants to obtain claims against the other entity. To put it bluntly, a court may order in such a hearing to pay a specific sum to the debtor in respect of his creditor, i.e. a lender. A civil case may also concern the division of property between family members or the annulment of a contract. Civil cases are brought by the action of one of the parties; unlike criminal cases, they are not carried out ex officio. Entities, i.e. parties in a dispute, may be represented by proxies who may be attorneys at law or attorneys. They then appear in blue togas. The appeal from the District Court’s judgment goes to the District Court, and the District Court to the Court of Appeal. In the event of dissatisfaction with the plenipotentiary judgment, he may be challenged before the Supreme Court, which may cassation.